The Norton introduction to philosophy /
Gideon Rosen, Princeton University ; Alex Byrne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Joshua Cohen, Apple University ; Elizabeth Harman, Princeton University ; Seana Shiffrin, University of California, Los Angeles.
- Second edition.
- New York : W.W. Norton & Company, 2018
- 1 vo. (various paging)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
The ontological argument, from 'Proslogion' / The five ways, from 'Summa theologica' / The argument from design, from 'Natural theology' / The argument from cosmological fine-tuning / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- The wager, from 'Pensées' / Pascal's ultimate gamble / The will to believe / Is belief in God properly basic? / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Meno / Is justified true belief knowledge? / Evidence one does not possess, from 'Thought' / The inescapability of Gettier problems / Knowledge and belief / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Sceptical doubts concerning the operations of the understanding, and sceptical solution of these doubts, from 'An enquiry concerning human understanding, sections IV-V / The "justification" of induction, from 'Introduction to logical theory' / The problem of induction, from 'Replies to my critics / The new riddle of induction, from 'Fact, fiction, and forecast' / The inference to the best explanation / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Of the idea of necessary connexion, from 'An enquiry concerning human understanding / The visual experience of causation / The method of difference, from 'System of logic / Causation and correlation / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- The analogical inference to other minds / Wittgenstein and other minds, from 'Wittgenstein on rules and private language' / Man seen from the outside, from 'The world of perception' / Introspection, from 'A materialism theory of the mind' -- Self-knowledge, from 'The concept of mind' / Skepticism about the internal world / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Meditation I: what can be called into doubt, from 'Meditations on first philosophy' / Of scepticism with regard to the senses / Proof of an external world / Contextualism / Skepticism and inference to the best explanation / Ignorance of things in themselves / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Meditation II: the nature of the human mind, and how it is better known than the body, and meditation VI : ... the real distinction between mind and body, from 'Meditations on first philosophy' / Descartes' myth, from 'The concept of mind' / Sensations and brain processes / The nature of mental states / Can computers think?, from 'Minds, brains, and science' / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- What is it like to be a bat? / Epiphenomenal qualia / Postscript on qualia / Are mental states irreducible to neurobiological states?, from 'Neurophilosophy' / The hard problem of consciousness / The puzzle of transparency / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Some further considerations concering our simple ideas, from 'An essay concerning human understanding' / The secondary qualities, from 'A materialist theory of mind' / Are "scientific" objects coloured? / Secondary qualities, from 'The subjective view' / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Fiction and metaphysics / Numbers and other immaterial objects / A thing and its matter / Science and metaphysics / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Of identity and diversity, from 'An essay concerning human understanding' / The dualist theory, from 'Personal identity' / Personal identity, from 'Reasons and persons' / The self and the future / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Free will / Human freedom and the self / Freedom and necessity / Alternate possibilities and moral responsibility / Asymmetrical freedom / Freedom and resentment / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- The subjectivity of values, from 'Ethics: inventing right and wrong' / Moral subjectivism / Ethics, from 'The last word' / Moral relativism / Does anything really matter or did we just evolve to think so? / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- The republic / Why ought we do what is right? / Of the passions and of morals, from 'Treatise of human nature, books II and III' ; Why utility pleases, from 'An enquiry concerning the principles of morals' / Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Utilitarianism / Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals / Contractualism and utilitarianism / Virtue ethics / A theory of justice / Is it reasonable to "rely on institutions" in ethics? / On the genealogy of morals, beyond good and evil, and the gay science / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Of justice and injustice, from "A treatise of human nature' / Mr. Truman's degree / When do intentions matter to permissibility? / Impermissibility and wrongness / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Famine, affluence, and morality / The moral perplexities of famine and world hunger / A defense of abortion / Why abortion is immoral / War and massacre / On the killing of civilians in wartime, from 'The law of peoples' / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Politics / Leviathan / The social contract / Rights-based justifications for the state / The utilitarian justification of the state / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- A letter concering toleration / On liberty / Morals and the criminal law / Elements of a theory of human rights / Analyzing the arguments -- Introduction -- Two principles of justice, from 'A theory of justice' / Equality as a moral ideal / Political equality / Equality as a basic demand of justice / Distributive justice, from 'Anarchy, state, and utopia' / Analyzing the arguments -- A brief guide to logic and argumentation -- Some guidelines for writing philosophy papers -- Glossary -- Credits -- Name index. Anslem of Canterbury -- Thomas Aquinas -- William Paley -- Roger White -- Blaise Pascal -- Alan Hájek -- William James -- Alvin Plantinga -- Plato -- Edmund Gettier -- Gilbert Harman -- Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski -- Timothy Williamson -- David Hume -- P.F. Strawson -- Karl Popper -- Nelson Goodman -- Gilbert Harman -- David Hume -- Susanna Siegel -- John Stuart Mill -- Ned Hall -- Alec Hyslop and Frank Cameron Jackson -- Saul Kripke -- Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Gilbert Ryle -- Alex Byrne -- René Descartes -- David Hume -- George Edward Moore -- Stewart Cohen -- Jonathan Vogel -- Rae Langton -- René Descartes -- Gilbert Ryle -- J.J.C. Smart -- Hilary Putnam -- John Searle -- Thomas Nagel -- Frank Jackson -- Frank Jackson -- Patricia Smith Churchland -- David Chalmers -- Michael Tye -- John Locke -- D.M. Armstrong -- C.L. Hardin -- Colin McGinn -- Peter Van Inwagen -- Gideon Rosen -- Stephen Yablo -- Tim Maudlin -- John Locke -- Richard Swinburne -- Derek Parfit -- Bernard Williams -- Galen Strawson -- Roderick Chisholm -- A.J. Ayer -- Harry Frankfurt -- Susan Wolf -- P.F. Strawson -- J.L. Mackie -- R. Jay Wallace -- Thomas Nagel -- Philippa Foot -- Sharon Street -- Plato -- Judith Jarvis Thomson -- David Hume -- Immanuel Kant -- John Stuart Mill -- Immanuel Kant -- Thomas M. Scanlon -- Rosalind Hursthouse -- John Rawls -- Elizabeth Harman -- Friedrich Nietzsche -- David Hume -- G.E.M. Anscombe -- Thomas M. Scanlon -- Barbara Herman -- Peter Singer -- Onora O'Neill -- Judith Jarvis Thomson -- Don Marquis -- Thomas Nagel -- John Rawls -- Aristotle -- Thomas Hobbes -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- A. John Simmons -- David Lyons -- John Locke -- John Stuart Mill -- Patrick Devlin -- Amartya Sen -- John Rawls -- Harry Frankfurt -- Martha Nussbaum -- Johnathan Wolff -- Robert Nozick -- pt. I. Philosophy of religion -- 1. Does God exist? -- 2. Is it reasonable to believe without evidence? -- pt. II. Epistemology -- 3. What is knowledge? -- 4. How can we know about what we have not observed? -- 5. How can we know what causes what? -- 6. How can you know your own mind, or the mind of another person? -- 7. How can we know about the external world? -- pt. III. Metaphysics and the philosophy of mind -- 8. Is mind material? -- 9. What is consciousness? -- 10. What is color? -- 11. What is there? -- 12. What is personal identity? -- pt IV. From metaphysics to ethics -- 13. Do we possess free will? -- 14. Is morality objective? -- pt. V. Ethics and political philosophy -- 15. Why do what is right? -- 16. How do we reason about what is right? -- 17. Do your intentions matter? -- 18. What is the right thing to do? -- 19. How can the state be justified? -- 20. What is the value of liberty? -- 21. Does justice require equality? --