TY  - BOOK
AU  - Rosen,Gideon A.
AU  - Byrne,Alex
AU  - Cohen,Joshua
AU  - Shiffrin,Seana Valentine
TI  - The Norton introduction to philosophy
SN  - 9780393624427
AV  - BD21 .N67 2018
U1  - 100 23
PY  - 2018///
CY  - New York
PB  - W.W. Norton & Company
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - fast
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; pt. I. Philosophy of religion --; 1. Does God exist? --; The ontological argument, from 'Proslogion'; Anslem of Canterbury --; The five ways, from 'Summa theologica'; Thomas Aquinas --; The argument from design, from 'Natural theology'; William Paley --; The argument from cosmological fine-tuning; Roger White --; Analyzing the arguments --; 2. Is it reasonable to believe without evidence? --; Introduction --; The wager, from 'Pensées'; Blaise Pascal --; Pascal's ultimate gamble; Alan Hájek --; The will to believe; William James --; Is belief in God properly basic?; Alvin Plantinga --; Analyzing the arguments --; pt. II. Epistemology --; 3. What is knowledge? --; Introduction --; Meno; Plato --; Is justified true belief knowledge?; Edmund Gettier --; Evidence one does not possess, from 'Thought'; Gilbert Harman --; The inescapability of Gettier problems; Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski --; Knowledge and belief; Timothy Williamson --; Analyzing the arguments --; 4. How can we know about what we have not observed? --; Introduction --; Sceptical doubts concerning the operations of the understanding, and sceptical solution of these doubts, from 'An enquiry concerning human understanding, sections IV-V; David Hume --; The "justification" of induction, from 'Introduction to logical theory'; P.F. Strawson --; The problem of induction, from 'Replies to my critics; Karl Popper --; The new riddle of induction, from 'Fact, fiction, and forecast'; Nelson Goodman --; The inference to the best explanation; Gilbert Harman --; Analyzing the arguments --; 5. How can we know what causes what? --; Introduction --; Of the idea of necessary connexion, from 'An enquiry concerning human understanding; David Hume --; The visual experience of causation; Susanna Siegel --; The method of difference, from 'System of logic; John Stuart Mill --; Causation and correlation; Ned Hall --; Analyzing the arguments --; 6. How can you know your own mind, or the mind of another person? --; Introduction --; The analogical inference to other minds; Alec Hyslop and Frank Cameron Jackson --; Wittgenstein and other minds, from 'Wittgenstein on rules and private language'; Saul Kripke --; Man seen from the outside, from 'The world of perception'; Maurice Merleau-Ponty --; Introspection, from 'A materialism theory of the mind' --; Self-knowledge, from 'The concept of mind'; Gilbert Ryle --; Skepticism about the internal world; Alex Byrne --; Analyzing the arguments --; 7. How can we know about the external world? --; Introduction --; Meditation I: what can be called into doubt, from 'Meditations on first philosophy'; René Descartes --; Of scepticism with regard to the senses; David Hume --; Proof of an external world; George Edward Moore --; Contextualism; Stewart Cohen --; Skepticism and inference to the best explanation; Jonathan Vogel --; Ignorance of things in themselves; Rae Langton --; Analyzing the arguments --; pt. III. Metaphysics and the philosophy of mind --; 8. Is mind material? --; Introduction --; Meditation II: the nature of the human mind, and how it is better known than the body, and meditation VI : ... the real distinction between mind and body, from 'Meditations on first philosophy'; René Descartes --; Descartes' myth, from 'The concept of mind'; Gilbert Ryle --; Sensations and brain processes; J.J.C. Smart --; The nature of mental states; Hilary Putnam --; Can computers think?, from 'Minds, brains, and science'; John Searle --; Analyzing the arguments --; 9. What is consciousness? --; Introduction --; What is it like to be a bat?; Thomas Nagel --; Epiphenomenal qualia; Frank Jackson --; Postscript on qualia; Frank Jackson --; Are mental states irreducible to neurobiological states?, from 'Neurophilosophy'; Patricia Smith Churchland --; The hard problem of consciousness; David Chalmers --; The puzzle of transparency; Michael Tye --; Analyzing the arguments --; 10. What is color? --; Introduction --; Some further considerations concering our simple ideas, from 'An essay concerning human understanding'; John Locke --; The secondary qualities, from 'A materialist theory of mind'; D.M. Armstrong --; Are "scientific" objects coloured?; C.L. Hardin --; Secondary qualities, from 'The subjective view'; Colin McGinn --; Analyzing the arguments --; 11. What is there? --; Introduction --; Fiction and metaphysics; Peter Van Inwagen --; Numbers and other immaterial objects; Gideon Rosen --; A thing and its matter; Stephen Yablo --; Science and metaphysics; Tim Maudlin --; Analyzing the arguments --; 12. What is personal identity? --; Introduction --; Of identity and diversity, from 'An essay concerning human understanding'; John Locke --; The dualist theory, from 'Personal identity'; Richard Swinburne --; Personal identity, from 'Reasons and persons'; Derek Parfit --; The self and the future; Bernard Williams --; Analyzing the arguments --; pt IV. From metaphysics to ethics --; 13. Do we possess free will? --; Introduction --; Free will; Galen Strawson --; Human freedom and the self; Roderick Chisholm --; Freedom and necessity; A.J. Ayer --; Alternate possibilities and moral responsibility; Harry Frankfurt --; Asymmetrical freedom; Susan Wolf --; Freedom and resentment; P.F. Strawson --; Analyzing the arguments --; 14. Is morality objective? --; Introduction --; The subjectivity of values, from 'Ethics: inventing right and wrong'; J.L. Mackie --; Moral subjectivism; R. Jay Wallace --; Ethics, from 'The last word'; Thomas Nagel --; Moral relativism; Philippa Foot --; Does anything really matter or did we just evolve to think so?; Sharon Street --; Analyzing the arguments --; pt. V. Ethics and political philosophy --; 15. Why do what is right? --; Introduction -- The republic; Plato --; Why ought we do what is right?; Judith Jarvis Thomson --; Of the passions and of morals, from 'Treatise of human nature, books II and III' ; Why utility pleases, from 'An enquiry concerning the principles of morals'; David Hume --; Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals; Immanuel Kant --; Analyzing the arguments --; 16. How do we reason about what is right? --; Introduction --; Utilitarianism; John Stuart Mill --; Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals; Immanuel Kant --; Contractualism and utilitarianism; Thomas M. Scanlon --; Virtue ethics; Rosalind Hursthouse --; A theory of justice; John Rawls --; Is it reasonable to "rely on institutions" in ethics?; Elizabeth Harman --; On the genealogy of morals, beyond good and evil, and the gay science; Friedrich Nietzsche --; Analyzing the arguments --; 17. Do your intentions matter? --; Introduction --; Of justice and injustice, from "A treatise of human nature'; David Hume --; Mr. Truman's degree; G.E.M. Anscombe --; When do intentions matter to permissibility?; Thomas M. Scanlon --; Impermissibility and wrongness; Barbara Herman --; Analyzing the arguments --; 18. What is the right thing to do? --; Introduction --; Famine, affluence, and morality; Peter Singer --; The moral perplexities of famine and world hunger; Onora O'Neill --; A defense of abortion; Judith Jarvis Thomson --; Why abortion is immoral; Don Marquis --; War and massacre; Thomas Nagel --; On the killing of civilians in wartime, from 'The law of peoples'; John Rawls --; Analyzing the arguments --; 19. How can the state be justified? --; Introduction --; Politics; Aristotle --; Leviathan; Thomas Hobbes --; The social contract; Jean-Jacques Rousseau --; Rights-based justifications for the state; A. John Simmons --; The utilitarian justification of the state; David Lyons --; Analyzing the arguments --; 20. What is the value of liberty? --; Introduction --; A letter concering toleration; John Locke --; On liberty; John Stuart Mill --; Morals and the criminal law; Patrick Devlin --; Elements of a theory of human rights; Amartya Sen --; Analyzing the arguments --; 21. Does justice require equality? --; Introduction --; Two principles of justice, from 'A theory of justice'; John Rawls --; Equality as a moral ideal; Harry Frankfurt --; Political equality; Martha Nussbaum --; Equality as a basic demand of justice; Johnathan Wolff --; Distributive justice, from 'Anarchy, state, and utopia'; Robert Nozick --; Analyzing the arguments -- A brief guide to logic and argumentation -- Some guidelines for writing philosophy papers -- Glossary -- Credits -- Name index
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